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Quantum Field Theory on Noncommutative Curved Space-times and Noncommutative Gravity
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
89-93
Received:
13 August 2021
Accepted:
27 August 2021
Published:
5 October 2021
Abstract: In the noncommutative gauge-theoretical formulation of Langman and Szabo, apparently it appears that the torsion generated there is a generalized one i.e. it may containvector, axial vector and tensor components. However, when we transcribe the noncommutative gauge theory in terms of the Maxwell gauge theory using the Seiberg-Wittencorrespondence, we have noted that upto the first order in the noncommutative parameter, this effectively can be taken to induce a change in chiral anomaly and hence theassociated torsion should be an axial vector one. The noncommutative gauge symmetriesgive a very natural and explicit realizations of the mixing of space-time and internal symmetries which is a characteristic feature of the conventional gauge theory of gravity. Thegauge fields of the dimensionally reduced noncommutative Yang-Mills theory map ontoaWeitzenbӧck space time and a teleparallel theory of gravity arises as the zero curvature reduction of a Poincare gauge theory which induces an Einstein-Cartan space-timecharacterized by connections with both nonvanishing torsion and curvature. However, theteleparallelism equivalent of general relativity involves all the components of torsion. Thechiral anomaly in the Einstein-Cartan space U4 is characterized by the topological invariants like Pontryagin density as well as the Nieh-Yan density when the latter term involvesthe length scale governed by the measure of noncommutativity of space points. It is shownthat we have discussed the equivalence of this formalism with noncommutative U(1) Yang Mills theory.
Abstract: In the noncommutative gauge-theoretical formulation of Langman and Szabo, apparently it appears that the torsion generated there is a generalized one i.e. it may containvector, axial vector and tensor components. However, when we transcribe the noncommutative gauge theory in terms of the Maxwell gauge theory using the Seiberg-Wittencorrespondence, ...
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Determining Reservoir Model Based on Welltest Analysis for Production Forecasting
Harry Budiharjo Sulistyarso
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
94-104
Received:
30 August 2021
Accepted:
11 October 2021
Published:
19 October 2021
Abstract: Welltest analysis is basically an analysis of fluid flow behavior in porous rocks, both in oil reservoirs and gas reservoirs that aim to obtain reservoir characteristics. Welltest analysis is not only limited to get reservoir characteristics and well productivity, but to determine the reservoir and boundary models that are close to the real situation. Until now, to determine the reservoir and boundary models are usually assisted by using a simulator, which is called modeling. However, to determine the reservoir and boundary models has its own challenges, because there are no specific methods or equations that can know for certain the model of a reservoir. Choosing the right type of model also requires some consideration, such as seismic data, geological data, log data, and information provided from other wells drilled into the same formation. From the determination of this model can be used as supporting information for a reservoir, which is then used to be a predictive model and renewal of its geological model, as well as allowing engineers to simulate production estimates. In this paper, we will present an analysis of determining the right reservoir model based on welltest analysis, which selected model is used to simulate production estimates. Case example is taken from an oil well named "HBR-05", which has been carried out a pressure build-up test on one productive layer that until now has not been produced or closed since the well testing was carried out. From the determination of the reservoir model based on welltest analysis, obtained heterogeneous anisotropic reservoir model and rectangular-no flow boundary model. The selected reservoir model is used to simulate the estimated production of the "HBR-05" well if it is produced from this layer. Production forecasting results for 48 months (4 years) the "HBR-05" well, the cumulative production is 107.8 Mbbl. In addition, the results of forecasting show that the reservoir pressure is already below the bubble point pressure in the 22nd month of forecasting.
Abstract: Welltest analysis is basically an analysis of fluid flow behavior in porous rocks, both in oil reservoirs and gas reservoirs that aim to obtain reservoir characteristics. Welltest analysis is not only limited to get reservoir characteristics and well productivity, but to determine the reservoir and boundary models that are close to the real situati...
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Simulating the Progression of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Analyzing the Effects of Vaccination
Ashley Seong,
Jeewon Han,
Jungyoon Lee,
SungMin Lee
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
105-112
Received:
24 September 2021
Accepted:
9 October 2021
Published:
21 October 2021
Abstract: With thousands of COVID-19 cases on the rise, The project look back and see that it has already been more than a year and a half since the first COVID-19 case has been recorded. After months and months of the raging pandemic, many begin to wonder: what will it take to end it? As scientists and researchers scramble to come up with a global solution, many begin to educate themselves on the topic. In our paper, done by weeks of research, analysis, simulations, and coding, we look and touch upon the progression of COVID-19. Beginning with basic research, the project looked at the different types of vaccines that are being distributed, and found articles that mentioned the best way to end the pandemic worldwide. Along with basic research came simulating situations of the pandemic: this was done with none other than the programming language, Javascript, which was chosen for the fact that our simulation was going to be mostly web-based. Based on prior simulations, we came up with a model that was both accurate and visually intuitive. The project then used the simulation to obtain results and graph data. From the graphs that we obtained and kept, we were able to discuss and talk about the results that came up from it, such as analyzing the spread of the virus through different levels of masked or vaccinated individuals. From the basic steps of learning how to code to learning how to make graphs to represent the pandemic, we are able to grasp our current situation as well as educate others and ourselves on the biggest global concern today.
Abstract: With thousands of COVID-19 cases on the rise, The project look back and see that it has already been more than a year and a half since the first COVID-19 case has been recorded. After months and months of the raging pandemic, many begin to wonder: what will it take to end it? As scientists and researchers scramble to come up with a global solution,...
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Islamic Values in Landscape & Architecture - Case Studies, Contemporary Relevance & Strategies
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
113-121
Received:
6 July 2021
Accepted:
26 September 2021
Published:
29 December 2021
Abstract: There is a global interconnection that has been prospering since the dawn of mankind. The process of connecting the world started thousands of years ago. The ancient world saw the establishment of two major globalizing forces - Christianity and Islam. These forces spread throughout the world and with them spread power, culture, values and principles. These were simultaneously adopted, abstracted and implemented in architecture, planning, art and design. Rapid modernization and globalization in today’s world has transformed cultures, concepts and planning ideologies which has affected the spatial development and the pattern of urban spaces. The Muslim world cannot stand idle amidst the forces of global change and technology. There is a need to study and examine the urban and architectural fabric in the Islamic world, effects of globalization and analyze how excessive consumption, in a broader sense, has changed our spaces into meaningless realities. The aim of the paper is to review, analyze, and focus on the use of urban open spaces in the cities planned according to Islamic principles and understand the present day scenario of the same by descriptive research methodology (surveys and case studies). This paper will include the history of Islam & Islamic values with their relevance and justification in landscape and architecture. The case studies taken up for research will be Shahjahanabad (Old Delhi), Delhi, India and Isfahan, Iran to understand the derivations of Islamic principles in architecture and landscape. The conclusions will include strategies and concepts related to the enhancement of built environment quality which is more correspondent to Islamic culture, harmonized built environment and Islamic lifestyle & successful urban open spaces for quality living.
Abstract: There is a global interconnection that has been prospering since the dawn of mankind. The process of connecting the world started thousands of years ago. The ancient world saw the establishment of two major globalizing forces - Christianity and Islam. These forces spread throughout the world and with them spread power, culture, values and principle...
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Production of Hollow Block Using Waste Plastic and Sand
Bien Maunahan,
Kebene Adeba
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
122-138
Received:
4 July 2021
Accepted:
20 August 2021
Published:
31 December 2021
Abstract: In building construction, hollow concrete block (HCB) is a versatile material used in the construction industry, consisting of a mixture of cement, sand, and optionally fine aggregates with water. The cost of these materials, which make up the concrete block, is expensive. So we should use a renewable natural resource that causes negative impacts on the environment. Plastics are one of the materials present in our everyday lives, which have many chemical and hazardous substances that affect human health and the surrounding environment. This study aims to produce hollow blocks using waste plastic material in the ratio of 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, and 1:5 of hollow block size 40cm X 20cm X 10cm of different Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) and High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) waste plastic and sand content. This research discussed the material used, the methodology was followed, and the production of hollow blocks and Quality control test of prepared material samples compared with the standard material specification. In this research work, many characteristics that have relevance to the production of Hollow blocks were considered. The plastic is shredded, washed, dried, and melted within the range of 257-315°C temperature in open-air. After melting of PET and HDPE into liquid-state, fixing the sand materials' proportion, mixing the sand materials fed into the mold, and testing the samples after 48 hours was conducted. The test results notice that properties of two samples produced from hollow block satisfy the class-B based on Ethiopian Building Code Standard requirements. The test result for the 1:2 ratio having 3.87Mpa. Therefore, the hollow block production has high compressive strength and low water absorption, which fulfills the standard requirement comparing with the surface property of HCB and aesthetics. The rough surface of HB creates bondage with mortar, which is easier for plastering purpose.
Abstract: In building construction, hollow concrete block (HCB) is a versatile material used in the construction industry, consisting of a mixture of cement, sand, and optionally fine aggregates with water. The cost of these materials, which make up the concrete block, is expensive. So we should use a renewable natural resource that causes negative impacts o...
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