Determinants of Market Orientation of Smallholder Wheat Farmers in Northern Ethiopia
Dubale Abate,
Fikadu Mitiku,
Rijalu Negash
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, September 2020
Pages:
110-117
Received:
28 August 2020
Accepted:
15 September 2020
Published:
25 September 2020
Abstract: In Ethiopia, wheat is a market-oriented commodity although farmers are still producing this crop for consumption than for market, not based on the market information. The main objective of the study was to identify the determinants of market orientation of smallholder wheat farmers. The data were collected from 190 randomly selected sample households using structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and Tobit model were used for analyzing smallholder wheat farmers’ market orientation and its determinants. Descriptive statistics revealed that the average market orientation index of the sample wheat farmers was 10.69%, very low. The results of Tobit model revealed that land size, market access, wheat market experience, extension contact and equine owned were positively and significantly affecting market orientation of wheat whereas family size, total input cost and off/none farm income were significantly and negatively influencing market orientation. Therefore, designing an integrated policy and strategy on improving market access, provision of extensions mainly on market area and productivity of land for wheat while reducing the input cost would be suggested to improve market orientation of smallholder wheat farmers.
Abstract: In Ethiopia, wheat is a market-oriented commodity although farmers are still producing this crop for consumption than for market, not based on the market information. The main objective of the study was to identify the determinants of market orientation of smallholder wheat farmers. The data were collected from 190 randomly selected sample househol...
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The Effect of Physical Activity on Academic Performance and Mental Health: Systematic Review
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, September 2020
Pages:
118-123
Received:
26 August 2020
Accepted:
9 September 2020
Published:
4 November 2020
Abstract: Examining the association between participation in physical activities and academic achievement is important for many reasons. Understanding the relationship between participation in sport activities, academic achievement and cognitive development is very important for teachers, school psychologists and other stakeholders. The relationship among physical activity, academic achievement and mental health has long been theorized to be of profound importance in understanding human behavior and development. This review article aims specifically to highlight the state of existing research pertaining to the relationship between physical activity and the state of mental health. Different studies, summarized here, have found that healthy levels of physical activity generally correlate with mental health and academic achievement. This review result has showed that there was a significant relationship between physical fitness level and academic achievement and higher academic achievement was associated with higher levels of physical fitness. Increased physical activity levels and fitness can improve bone and musculoskeletal function and help alleviate or relieve depression, anxiety and stress. Generally, the previous research findings from large-scale observational studies indicate that participation in physical activity has a small to moderate effect in prevention and management of the risk of depression and anxiety which in turn have effect on academic achievement and mental health. Physical activity is a relatively cheap and non-harmful lifestyle intervention that can easily be implemented into school settings.
Abstract: Examining the association between participation in physical activities and academic achievement is important for many reasons. Understanding the relationship between participation in sport activities, academic achievement and cognitive development is very important for teachers, school psychologists and other stakeholders. The relationship among ph...
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